Adult Education Essay

Adults dont learn in the same way as children do because their constitution structure is almost fully developed at that stage in their lives, along with a series of habits and practices that have been acquired during their lifetime. Therefore, the learning process must nurse into account how an adult perceives not only what is being taught, but also themselves this includes, but is not limited to considering their previous learning experiences, considering their temporal perspective especially when it comes to short term application of what is being taught, and matching education to their problems, needs, interests and expectations.The principles of adult education are 1)Adults get out only learn when they want to. Simply put, no adult will learn under pressure. They must be motivated to want to acquire new knowledge or skills that will help them in their work or day-to-day life. Thus, their desire to learn can decrease or increase depending on the approach and methodology that i s being used. 2)Adults only very want to learn that which will help them in the short term. Adults will only learn when they feel they need to. Basically, any attained knowledge will only make sense if the adult can see the applicability of what is being learned 3)Adults learn by doing.No adult enjoys being cater vast amounts of theory with little or no practice. As we grow older, we much prefer a hands-on approach to things. The learning will be much more effective if we can take an active role in the learning process. Thus its important to encourage objective news both in analyzing the problem and coming up with a solution. 4)Adults will only learn by solving problems they can associate with their reality. They focus on real world problems and practical assimilation of what is being taught. 5)Experience will interfere in adult education.Thus, any new information being presented must be integrated with their own experience. 6)Adults learn better in an informal environment. They require a more relaxed atmosphere one that will stimulate them to participate, 7)Adults need feedback. its important that learning process provide adults with constructive feedback, through self-evaluation questionnaires and activities. 8)Adults require a variety of teaching methods. The use of audiovisual materials is highly recommended with use of interactive activities such as role-playing, mock classes and presentations from the students.

Animal Benefits

Much More Than Just a Friend In history there has al dashs been the phrase, man and his best friend. This symbolizes the circumscribed bond shargond between a dog and his master. Man and canine restrain been attached to each other historically by the necessity of protect the herds and hunting for food. Man and dog originally became paired as humans were con statusred hunters and gathers, and both dogs and humans were kindly creatures that hunted in the daytime. On the other side it has been found that dogs have a natural instinct to attach themselves to man.This longstanding relationship has been roven as a dog Jawbone found in Iraq direct scientists to believe that dogs were domesticated all over 14,000 years ago (Lear). By human nature, we seek tyrannical love. Animals help enhance lots quality of brio, not only by change their natural hearty being, further also improving their mental state. Animals have been scientifically proven to decrease stress, set out blood pre ssure, decrease incidents of heart claps, and cleanse overall mental health. There is evidence of simple facts such as, People with courts have lower blood pressure in stressful situations than hose without darlings (Segal 1). compete with a pet can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine, which calm and relax which then has pet owners have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels (indicators of heart disease) than those without pets. Heart attack patients with pets survive longer than those without again supporting the evidence of the physical affects of owning a pet. Research states that pet owners over age 65 make 30 portion fewer visits to their doctors than those without pets. The physical benefits of owning a pet seem to be end little on so many levels (The Benefits of ducky).Then there are a potpourri of examples that are connected to the mental and physical substantially being ofa pet owning individual. On a daily basis owners of dogs have been found to have lowe r cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared to their non-dog owning counterparts. Interestingly enough, studies have included an even match with patients evenly matched for weight, diet, and smoking habits. The study progresses with the participants taking stress tests and physical examinations. The patients who were dog/pet owners, or who were in the presence of n animal demonstrated lower heart rates and blood pressure during the test (OConnor).The integration on animals in versatile forms of treatment has had an overwhelming response of shortened recovery time from children to the elderly. Most would not think that the companion of an animal may help a soulfulness physically just now in many ways it does both directly and indirectly. Dogs were initially use in a mental health facility in the 1700s, and then again by the American Red Cross in military convalescent care after World War II. The Childrens Hospital of orangeness County stablished one of the nations first, and leading pet therapy programs.This hospital became one of only a few hospitals in the nation to stretch out such services. Currently, only fifty hospitals offer pet therapy and this is a surprisingly low number considering the proven medical benefits. However, in this instance the pets used to assist in the recovery were only used with young/pediatric patients. The therapy dogs and their owners aid children in the medical and surgical wards of the hospital, as well as in the physical, occupational, and speech therapy departments. (Patients Appreciate Pet Partner).The unconditional care and love given by these dogs not only raised the spirits of the sick children but it also provided time where they could escape from the daily treatments and life of living in a hospital There is also statistical data supporting the many benefits of pets and their affect on the elderly. For example therapeutic horses have been shown to have a positive preserve on many individuals with a variety o f disorders. Anna suffered a stroke and was physically sound in every way except for her speech. She could only utter one word, and then 0 seconds to a minute would pass before she could say another.But when leading her around on favored, I go throughed back at Anna and asked how she ilkd the ride. She said, l like it Just fine. This is the first time IVe ever been on a horse I nearly pull down over (Barnard 2) The Human-Animal Bond may be defined as the relationship between people, animals and their environment (The Human-Animal Bond). Clearly these examples above show that no subject field the age of the person, animals will have a positive effect on the quality and quickness of the healing process. Additionally, pets elp keep their owners in shape as well as assist the physically and mentally challenged.To have a dog means added responsibility such as locomote, lifting, and physical grooming ofa pet, which supplies daily physical activity. Physical activity leads to over all improved health with leads to fewer visits to the doctor for minor health issues (Why Mans Best Friend Is Mans Best Friend). These are all common movements that a physical therapist would require of their patients that can be reinforced in the home off hours keeping the patient sacrosanct and moving. In one tory, a dog sits for hours caring for a mentally and physically disabled person while enduring immense pain but not whining due to not wanting to upset her. VanZante realized she had been parked on Maxs tail the entire time. Max hadnt complained at all. He was in pain, clearly, but he seemed to know that she had special call for, so he just sat through it,(Carmichael 1). It is a heartfelt story that illustrates how dogs aid in the support of the handicapped. passim the nation, there are therapeutic riding programs design to work with physically or mentally challenged individuals to mprove their physical strength as well as a compassion for another creature.UpReach, located in Derry, is a non-profit organization, which works with children and adults with the interaction with horses. The program is designed to improve the physical, emotional, and psychological development of these individuals. Research has found that the walking motion of the horse imitates movement of the human body. Many of the children have difficulty with gross motor skills, and riding moves the muscles in their backs and buttocks, which helps with the improvement of these motor skills. Grooming, petting, and feeding of the horses comprise fine motor skills. The community they (UpReach) serve includes, but is not limited to, people with the following challenges Cerebral Palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Learning Disabilities, Multiple Sclerosis, potent Dystrophy, Visual or Hearing Impaired, Intellectual Disabilities, Down Syndrome, Sensory Integration Processing Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Youth-at- Risk (http//www. upreachtrc. org). Patty Sexton, a volunteer at the UpReach Program of New Hampshire commented, l have seen huge improvements while I have been here this past year.When I began, the therapist and I had to hold/position the young client the entire time. Unable to sit unassisted in the beginning, ne now sits rather well independently. The therapist spends a great deal of time alternating positions sitting forward, riding backwards, sitting side-ways. These changes work to develop different muscles Personal stories are written all over the world of how animals have physically changed a persons life. Pets have been found to decrease depression, increase self-esteem, and give individuals a sense of control.This area as endless investigate in support of the positive affects animals can have on a person. Pet owners are less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets (Segal 1). According toa bare-assed study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, pets offer the same emotion al benefits as human friendship. Current research at the Miami University and St. Louis University surveyed 217 people envisioning at variables such as depression, loneliness, illness, self-esteem, and activity-levels.Individuals who had pets scored higher on all aspects of the survey and were found o have overall higher self-esteem and less loneliness. Another study was administered to look at dog owners and how a pet filled their social needs. The authors write, to the extent that their dogs fulfilled needs related to belongingness, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control, owners enjoyed a range of better outcomes (i. e. , less depression, less loneliness, greater self-esteem, greater happiness, and less perceived stress) (The Psychological Benefits of Owning Pets).As told in the movie, War Horse, Well be alright Joey. Were the lucky ones, you and me. Lucky since the day I met you. This demonstrates the companionship between a man and his horse, and how it was the strengt h needed to overcome the hardship that the main character faced throughout the story. Pet owners with AIDS are far less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets. The benefit is especially pronounced when people are strongly attached to their pets, says detective Judith Siegel, PhD (What Are the Health Benefits of Owning a Pet). There is also currently a program called PAWS for reading.This program allows children to read aloud to a therapy dog or cat, or even a bunny in order to improve reading and ommunication skills. Children read individually to trained therapy pets (and their handlers) in schools, libraries, or other settings so that they can feel comfortable and confident. This has also been applied to children with fears of going to a dental procedure. After all, a dog will not correct them or make them feel awkward if they stumble, unconditional love and respect seems to apply in so many different ways and applies to a variety of pet therapy programs.Animals have been proven to give mood stabilization and a feeling safety. A pet provides consistency to our lives. Pets ay well represent the lost relationship of the go to infant that is complete and total devotion, love and adoration. They can help bridge the developmental transition from infancy to childhood from dependence to independence from isolation to social integration at varying times and stages in our lives (Friedmann 1). Caring for a pet can significantly affect daily routine and gives us something to look forward to each day.All of this is an important factor to include when a person is dealing with grief and death. For example in the book, Marley and Me, Marley creates a sense of security in the household emotionally. There the three of us stayed, locked in our embrace of shared grief (Grogan 49). Pets have been found to relax us and focus our attention out from our problems and worries. Research even suggests that a pet can be a better listener than most people.Married wom en teel that they are listened to better by their dog than their husband, and husbands like to talk to their dog more than their wife since they never give their opinion. This constant communication helps people problem solve and work through difficult situations. If we look back to one of the original intentions of the dog, it would be for protection. As families traveled across dangerous terrain and encountered unknown predators, the dog has given a sense of safety. It is proven that pet owners feel less afraid of being a victim of crime while walking their dog or in their home.I personally know my family has no desire to have a gun in their home since we feel confident in our dogs abilities to protect us. This leads toa home with less anxiety as well as one of our most important emotional stabilities of safety. From 1970 to 2010, the number of dogs and cats in homes has increased from 67 million to an estimated 164 million (Pet Overpopulation). The National Institutes of Health, with funding from deflower Pet Food, recently developed a to study to analyze the benefits of human-animal interaction.The program, operated through the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, offers scientists research grants to study the impact of animals on child development, in physical and psychological therapeutic treatments, and on the effects of animals on public health, including their ability to reduce or prevent disease. The comprise feels its critical to establish a scientific foundation for the vidence that animals are good for people, even if it already seems obvious to most of the population.Our current insurance system needs to reward individuals or families that own a pet, since it is clear they can reduce health issues and improve overall physical and mental wellness. An animal is non-judgmental, they help us feel needed and give us unconditional love and trust. They listen to our troubles and sit close through the good times and bad. In storie s they have invariably have been our hero. All research seems to conclude that theyre numerous physical and psychological benefits of having a pet in your life.

Andrew Jackson Hero of the War of 1812 Essay

One man with courage makes a majority.-Andrew Jackson, these words truly capture the spirit of man rump the American victory at The Battle of New siege of Orleans. The greatest patriot of his time Andrew Jackson served his country honorably. He dedicated his life to serving Americans as a drummer boy, a general and later president. Leading by example Jackson recruited, trained and commanded his army with courage and pride as reflected in the battle. closely expected the militiamen to flee at any sign of British attack, but Jacksons men took everyone by surprise by taking the funky and striking first. The attacks lead by Jackson and his army excited and inspired Americans to stay and fight. It is Jacksons victory at The Battle of New Orleans that would increase national pride and later secure him the presidency.The Battle at Fort McKinley was the first major stand against the British attacks. Before the battle would bring an order is placed for the largest American flags yet to be made. One flag is raised shortly before bombardment of the fort began form the British naval fleet. On one of the ships stopped just off the shore sat a young man named Francis Scott Key, watching from a between the blasts Key was inspired. He jotted down a few lines for a poem as the bombs burst through the air creating a fantastic display of light and sound. What inspired him nigh came after the smoke cleared. After more than a day of bombardment the British retreated having realized the Americans would not surrender. At the end of it all American troops replaced the first flag that had been tattered and torn from blasts, with the second flag. Key and many other Americans saw and were over joyed at the sight that the flag was quench there.The War of 1812 appropriately named The Second War of Independence, created the American identity and strengthened the nation. Americans now had leaders to be dashing of, shared culture and national pride. The proud patriots of America prove d to the world that the nation would survive. It took the pressure of war to once more unite Americans. George Washington once said Firearms are peoples libertys teeth. The people of America had earned their liberty after The Revolutionary War and would fight until Britain and the world recognized their freedom and independence.

“Like A Rolling Stone”, analysis of Bob Dylan’s song Essay

Not very mevery songs comp be to Bob Dylans cadenceless Like A Rolling sway. He explores areas that most conventional lyricists and composers do non touch. Bob tells us many of lifes lessons in a mere six legal proceeding and nine seconds. The divine Bob describes life before and after the fall from fame and fortune by coition the stories of multiple persons, speaking to them in conversation. The theme of this song is loss, whether is it loss of social status, coin, or trust for humanity.The number 1 stanza tells the listener or reader not to throw the bums a dime because it is easy to loan as hale as many messs specie and never be repaid, leaving the possibility of losing everything. The lines of the first stanza address individual as you, suggesting they are speaking directly to the study of the stanza. The lyrics of Like a Rolling Stone, when close read as in the past you (the mystery individual the song is addressing) were rich and flashed your bullion around, spend ing and lending your money to people who never had any intent of paying you back. Dylan uses a similar idea in A Man of Constant Sorrow, in lines 15 and 16, If I had known how bad youd treat me honey/ I never would have come. This line implies that he came a long way to see someone and help them, and was never thanked for his efforts, in the same way the subject of this stanza was never repaid for their charity. Line three goes on that people told you that if you werent prudent with your money youd lose everything, and you didnt take them seriously. You used to jocularity at those who had less than you, but now you dont laugh at all. You dont act the like a big shot anymore, because youre working disfranchised just to be able to eat, and dont have the money to flash around.The first stanza is teeming with literary devices. In the second line, there is an internal rhyme with the boys dime and prime, along with an workout of metonymy with the word bums. In line three there is a n example of both internal rhyme and consonance. Peopled call, say, Beware doll, youre bound to fall. (line 3), shows an example of internal rhyming. In the same line the words call and doll are an example of consonance.How does it feel?How does it feel?To be on your own,With no precaution home?Like a complete unknown?Like a rolling stone?The choir is repeated between each stanza, consistently asking each subject of the stanzas how it feels to be left with zip when they once had something. Essentially, it means what it says. How does it feel to be homeless, rootless, and friendless, having no one know your name, like a musca volitans who is never welcome anywhere? at that place is provided one literary device in the chorus, and that is a simile with line 5 of the chorus itself, Like a rolling stone.It is suggested in the second stanza of lyrics that the well off do not always know how to take care of themselves. The narrator of this story tells the subject you went to the fin est schools, but you never went to learn, you only went to party. Those schools never taught you any street smarts or how to take care of yourself. at a time you are forced to learn how to, and youre going to have to get used to it. You said youd never tummy with shady businessmen, but now you realize you dont have any separate choice. The mystery tramp (line20), isnt offering to help her or give out charity, hes not selling any alibis (line 21). In realizing this, you ask him if he wants to make a deal with you to get you out of your predicament.The second stanza has two very rich examples of literary devices. The first is a metaphor in line 22, which reads, As you stare into the vacuum of his eyes. The man whose eyes the subject is consummate(a) into is about to take her for all shes got, and is in a sense sucking her completely of her conceit and status. In line eighteen there is an example of assonance with the words now and out.Stanza three brings a new tale of woe tellin g an unfortunate what they did wrong in their business dealings. He or she is informed that they never saw that there was something wrong going on around you, like observers of the situation did. You never turned around to see the frowns on the jugglers and the clowns (line 30). Dylan uses images of jokers, thieves, and clowns often in his lyrics, such as in All Along the Watchtower with the line . . . said the joker to the thief. You never realized that it isnt a good idea to entrust your life or money to someone else. You shouldnt let separate people get your kicks for you (line 33). You used to parade around with your most trusted advisor, who was very cunning and sly. It was hard when you found out that he wasnt who you thought he was, and that he had stolen everything he could get his manpower on.This stanza a few repeats of literary devices weve already seen in earlier stanzas. Line 30 has another example of assonance using the words around and frowns. Another repeat of a l iterary device is in line 33 with internal rhyme You shouldnt let other people get your kicks for you. There are two examples of metaphors with the chrome horse in line 34 and line 35, who carried on his berm a Siamese cat. These strange, difficult to understand lyrics are very common in Dylan songs. sometimes entire songs are made up of these vague metaphors, such as Its All slump Ma, Im Only Bleeding, and Its a Hard Rain Thats Gonna Fall.A girl and all her friends are held up in society, and they spend their time partying and buying each other expensive gifts. They count on that life could never get any better, or any worse. The girl is aware to pawn her diamond ring now. She used to laugh at those who she felt were below her, and the slang they used. direct she can see herself falling to the same fate, and there is nothing she can do. Youre invisible now, you got no secrets to conceal (line 53). Of course, if you have nothing and are nothing, you can lose nothing, because th ere is no one nerve-wracking to tear you down.The fourth and final stanza doesnt slack off when it comes to literary devices. In line 45 there is assonance with the words steeple and peopleImmediately following it in line 46 there is an internal rhyme with drinkin, thinkin. Line 48 gives Like a Rolling Stone its only example of alliteration. But youd better take your diamond ring, youd better pawn it babe (line 48). The phrase, Napoleon in rags in line 50 is an example of synecdoche for all people of power and money who have fallen from their place in society.Like a Rolling Stone, by Bob Dylan attempts to inculcate a lesson to the listener using different tales of woe. Many of Dylans songs are meant to be didactic, and I think this is mainly because Dylan was a folk singer, and at the time of his popularity a lot of songs were written to educate people about war, famine, and peace. Like a Rolling Stone is meant to teach people to be smart with their money and their trust, and to realize that they are invincible. Dylan uses a lot of internal rhyming and assonance in his songs, which make them accrue so much easier to the music, and makes listening to the songs much more enjoyable.The meter of Like a Rolling Stone changes through the course of the stanzas. Sometimes the lines are iambic, sometimes they have no meter at all, and are free verse. For the most part they are free verse. Like a Rolling Stone is a classic folk song in American culture, and instills in the listener the notion of falling from grace, maculation incorporating many literary devices to help prove a point and make the songs arguing more powerful. Many would argue that Bob Dylan is only a songwriter, not a poet. In time however, Bob Dylan will be honored, as he rightly should be, as a robust wordsmith who helped exploit America with songs such as, Like a Rolling Stone.

Collusion Between British Airways and Virgin

The tacit secret approval face to be discussed involves the illegal collusion and stationting of fuel pull offs to commercial and cargo transatlantic f ars between British aviationways (BA) and vestal Atlantic Airways ( complete(a)). The f correspondors which contributed to its conquest all in allow for be discussed, as well as why, and its implications, of becoming public. To begin with, it would be honest to set apart two collusive behaviour and the nature of the competition involved in the aviation industry. Collusion is the act of a number of firms within an industry agreeing to set a certain price, output or some other parameter and is almost always against the law.This is as they all compete in the given industry, with the setting of prices or outputs done in favour of the companies, and is thitherfore anti- agonistical behaviour, as this moves the outcome away from the foodstuff equilibrium. The generated inefficiency is considered illegal by The Office of F duck soup Trading (OFT) within the UK, whos mission is to protect consumer welfare whilst ensuring businesses remain competitive and fair (OFT,2011). A brief overview of the UK aviation industry will supporter in formulateing and justifying certain factors which direct to the successful collusion.Aviation is primaeval not only for transportation purposes but for commercial public lifes, employing around 234,000 staff and bring ? 18. 4 billion to Gross National Product (GNP). The industry is not only essential for spheric business and trade, but 75% of all visitors to the UK travel by air and adds a further ? 14 billion towards GNP (BATA, 2011). The USA and the European Union ache signed an open skies capital of New H angstrom unitshire allowing adept access to all routes between the two continents, although is to a greater extent restrictive to EU air lanes (IACA, 2007).In the special(prenominal) sequel of BA and new, crude oil price rises base on the price of barrel oi l as shown in extension 1, created rising fuel hails and changeablety over future profit levels. Several airlines in the UK and global aviation industry brought in flexible fuel surcharges for passengers and cargo planes. The tacit collusion case of Virgin and BA showed that through communion, and agreeing to certain price rises at a given date, the negative impacts on production costs can be in part offset direct to the consumer. Through the composition of such an agreement, a prisoners dilemma peppy scenario is formed.This game revolves around joint outcomes based on individual actions, and the salaryoffs which are created from this. The choice to co-operate in decision making proves to be more beneficial than the absence of whatever collusive behaviour, although there is always the threat of deviation to add even more ambivalentty to the question. Carlton and Perloff (2003) describes how in such a game, both firms must consider each rivals actions when making their own, a nd relate the combination of actions to determine best policy. Airline Market Transatlantic flights Virgin Atlantic High surcharge Low surchargeBritish Higher surcharge 25,25 15,30 Airways Lower surcharge 30,15 10,10 proceeds from Cooperation = 25 + Profit from deviation= 30 + Note ? D > ? C if r > 1 will prove that deviation from collusion unlikely This constructed game holds several assumptions which whitethorn be of use to explain the sexual intercourse success of the collusive agreement. To begin with, it involves the firms meeting and setting prices more than once, in a reiterate game, as fuel surcharges are relatively flexible prices which were changed to relate to the price of fuel, which was extremely volatile as shown in Appendix A.Following on from this repeated game, it is also for an undefined period. As the price rises came very suddenly, it created an uncertain future with no foreseeable end. Carlton and Perloff (2003) agree with the theory that in a multi-period game, deviation pop offs much more costly, and through signalling can lead to successful collusion to benefit both parties. Edgeworth (1897) touches upon capacity constraints which are relative here in the theoretical success of this collusion, when based around the residual demand faced by both firms when looking at its pricing strategy (Carlton and Perloff, 2003).As the nature of the healthy is a seat on a plane, clearly capacity constraints are present in the form of the limited seating on aircraft, as well as the inability to in the short run increase output beyond full capacity. During the setting of price, clear communication will most likely result in a non-static equilibrium. As well as this, the symmetry in terms of the market and cost structures has played a part in creating a successful cartel. Each firm produces a relatively homogenous good in terms of economy, business or first class, with a limited amount of features it can assure itself from its com petitors.As well as this, employ Figure 1, which will be discussed later on, demonstrates that the main costs to an airline are those which cannot be easily reduced or offset, most notably the cost of fuel and aircraft maintenance. thusly both firms dedicate near perfect knowledge of the cost structure and revenue through law-abiding prices, and will aid in choosing a certain pricing strategy. What follows will be a expatiate discussion of the specific market conditions which lead to the successful collusion between BA and Virgin.The UK Transatlantic pip market as a whole can be said to hold some(prenominal) key factors which have led to successful collusion. The first is due to the high levels of barriers to foundation the level of costs specific to peeled entrants in the market. Barriers to entry show that new entrants find it extremely difficult to raise the financial capital needed to establish themselves as long term competitors. The nature of these costs also plays a part, with a high amount resulting in sunk costs which are not transferable to any other industry such as an aeroplane and machinery specific to air travel.Emphasis also has to be move on barriers to entry which do not take a physical form, with the restricted capacity of many major airports and regulation within the aviation industry significantly limits the ability to expand operations. An airline telephoner needs to purchase several assets in order to offer the product of a transatlantic flight to a HUB in the USA. The first begins with the licence to operate in an airport and the parking/docking bespeak such as Manchester or Gatwick. With limited capacity at many leading airports both in the UK and the USA, they become extremely costly.With Heathrow being used as the main airport for comparison, due to the fact both BA and Virgin primarily operate there, Appendix B shows the extensive capacity constraints for all slots end-to-end each day. The purchase and maintenance of air craft is clearly an essential fixed cost, and with strict litigation procedures lowlying that there is little opportunity to save costs. The last main fixed cost is in the form of arrive fees and en route charges, which each airline needs to pay. Figure 1 (British Airways, 2010)Figure 1 attempts to demonstrate these barriers to entry, which prevents new firms from entering the market after the monopoly pricing of fuel surcharges sends a signal to potential competitors for the opportunity of supranormal profits. The largest growth in the cost structure for British Airways has been in the sections discussed which pose the biggest barriers to entry fuel and oil costs at 44. 5%, landing fees at 14. 2% and engineering and other aircraft costs at 13. 1%, placing ever more emphasis on the difficulty for new firms to compete in this market (British Airways, 2010).Another key factor which contributed to the successful collusion was the weak buyer force out in the demand for air travel, a nd in this specific case for transatlantic flights. The nature of the good is long distance travel, both for vacuous and business with no other direct substitute in terms of time and comfort of travel. As well as this, Virgin and BA are both based primarily at Heathrow airport, and are the only two British airlines who offer extensive flights to several key HUBs in the USA.Along with three U. S airlines they make up the total flights offered to the USA from the busiest airport in the world in terms of outside(a) passengers (ACI, 2011). The two combined impact upon the price elasticity of demand, a key concept which may help illustrate why the collusion was a success. The price elasticity to demand represents how responsive the consumers are to a change in price, in this case the change to the increase in the price of the fuel surcharge from ? 5 to ? 0 between the period August 2004 January 2006 (OFT, 2007). The nature of the good is relatively price dead as no low cost airline o r competitor can offer the equal flight schedule to the important airports in the US, such as New York (JFK). Going hand in hand, this type of travel cannot simply be postponed or chosen differently, especially for business people who have little power over the price they will pay but quite significantly have less financial constraints than those travelling for leisure.There have been many cases of tacit collusion which have been broken polish within the UK, through the act of the Competition Commission (CC) and the OFT investigating what it deems could be set in motion to be collusive, illegal behaviour. The case of BA and Virgin is a unique one as to how it was broken down. The agreement ended directly through Virgin Atlantic Airways admitting to the collusive behaviour directly to the Office of fresh Trade. There may be both relevant theoretical and practical explanations as to why Virgin deviated from co-operation, which will be outlined briefly.Theoretically, as time contin ues the chance of deviation or being found out by legal bodies increases as the surcharges are fixed many times over an uncertain period, and oil prices showed no sign of stabilising. With no foreseeable end to the game leaving both firms with an knowledge domain of uncertainty, and the threat of punishment playing an ever more important role, certain strategies in the game may have been altered. However, practically it may prove to offer a more credible reason as to why Virgin ended the collusive agreement by going to the relevant authorities.With the fine by the OFT standing at ? 121. 5 million, and the Department of Justice fining BA ? 148 million as the case was co-ordinated between both countries, the cost of colluding was severe (OFT,2007 BBC, 2007). As well as this, the timeline constructed in Appendix C highlights the previous hostile relationship of the two parties. Even though Virgin cannot compete financially or in number of flights/routes, a fierce rivalry and competiti ve relationship has always existed with Virgin Atlantic being the only British non-flag carrier to survive the transatlantic flight market.This collusive agreement and so goes exactly to the contrary of what has just been set out, so it may lead to one believing Virgin set out with this goal from the start, or once it became clear a court case would mean the parties involved would financially suffer, Virgin used the immunity clause to allow the collusion became public knowledge. To conclude, what has been set out is a set of conditions and assumptions within the game theory analysis, constructed for the collusive agreement between Virgin and BA.It aided in discussing the collusion itself, and the nature of which resulted in its success. Following on, the most significant market geomorphological conditions were discussed relating to how they facilitated the successful collusion between the two parties. The main emphasis has to be placed through game theory that resulted in a long, unknown period of time through which repeated games and several instances of communication contributed to its success. The market conditions as a whole ed to the successful collusion, but in the case of barriers to entry it has to be emphasised that they exist in every aviation market and will only become more significant in the future, with the environmental issues and capacity constraints playing an important role. The weak buyer power of consumers contributed hugely, to not only the surcharge actually being introduced, but following on to at least(prenominal) 6 occasions of joint price increases. The amount BA was fined is a clear signal to all other firms that collusive behaviour will be punished severely, and therefore promotes its own punishment strategy.References ACI, 2011 course of study to date International Passenger Traffic December 2010, Airports Council International accessed from http//www. aci. aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c. jsp? zn=aci&cp=1- 5-212-1376-1379_666_2 as of twenty-second expose 2010 BATA, 2011 Welcome to the British Air Transport association, British Air Transport standoff accessed from http//www. bata. uk. com/Web/Default. aspx as of 21st skirt 2011 BBC, 1993 1993 BA dirty tricks against Virgin cost ? 3m, accessed from http//news. bc. co. uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11/newsid_2520000/2520189. stm as of 24th March 2011 BBC, 2007 BAs price-fix fine reaches ? 270m, British Broadcasting Association accessed from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/6925397. stm as of 24th March 2011 British Airways, 2010 Chief monetary Officers Report, 2008/09 Annual Report and Accounts, Table from page 14 accessed from http//www. britishairways. com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0809/pdfs/CFO. pdf as of 22nd March 2011Carlton and Perloff, 2003 Modern Industrial Organization, Chapter 6 Oligopoly, pages 160-192, Pearson Education 4 edition (1 May 2003) Europa, 2000 COMMISSION finish of 14 July 1999 relati ng to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (IV/D-2/34. 780 . Virgin/British Airways), Official Journal of the European Communities, pages 1-4 accessed from http//eur-lex. europa. eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do? uri=OJl200003000010024enPDF as of 24th March 2011 IACA, 2007 Press Releases EU-US Open SkiesDeal Not So Open for European Airlines, International Air Carriers Association accessed http//www. iaca. be/index. cfm? 79FD0308-BDBE-2776-0614-E6942D8F1AB5 as of 26th March 2011 Mongabay,2009 10-year commodity price chart for Crude oil, Compiled by mongabay. com using figures from World Bank Commodity Price Data, accessed from http//www. mongabay. com/images/commodities/charts/crude_oil. html as of 11th March 2011 OFT, 2006 Report on Transport, UK airports Report on the market study and proposed decision to make a market investigation name, page 139 accessed from http//www. ft. gov. uk/shared_oft/reports/transport/oft882. pdf as of 23rd March 2011 OFT, 2007 The Office of Fair Trading, Press releases 2007 British Airways to pay record ? 121. 5m penalty in price fixing investigation, accessed from http//www. oft. gov. uk/news-and-updates/press/2007/113-07 as of 23rd March 2011 OFT,2011 The Office of Fair Trading, Making markets work well for consumers, accessed from http//www. oft. gov. uk/ as of 11th March 2011 Appendices Appendix A (Source Mongabay, 2009) Appendix B (Source OFT, 2006) Appendix C

Discuss substance abuse on the job

Substance disengageicule in the civilise mark is defined as overdependence on or overindulgence in a accredited chemical content total directing to perfumes that harm the noetic and physical wellness of the near be or the wellbeing of separates. The meat taken by the call outr does non arrest any medicinal or therapeutic effect on the person. Substance ab physical exercise at the clip nursing home is not a new issue just now the bother has affected many companies and business organizations for a long time.Some of the most common subjects that atomic number 18 ill- utilization in the bailiwickplace include alcohol, opium alkaloids, cocaine and barbiturates among others (King and Chassin, 2008 629-637). Abuse of marrow squashs not only affects the workplace but it whitethorn excessively aim to criminal penalty and at the same time the individualistic get hold ofd whitethorn be harmed socially, physically and also psychologically depending on the local au thority within the individuals environment. Substance cry in most cases conducts to nitty-gritty dependence or dependance to the sum total and so the individual is unable to work without the join.Individuals who argon addicted or dependent on a certain totalitys need to develop virtually tolerance for them to cope with the problem and these results to withdrawal types. Substance dependence and squall ar different from center of attention addiction in that addiction involves duress to using the substance no matter the negative effects of the substance on the individual and in some cases it whitethorn involve chemical dependence although not always. Substance dependence implies some kind of profane although cry out takes place without dependence and in most cases it occurs when an employee first engages in the ill-treatment of the substance.Dependence is a physiological process and on the other hand substance abuse shows an intricate interaction between the individua l, the society and the substance mistreated by the individual (King and Chassin, 2008 629-637). core holler IN THE JOB Substance abuse in the workplace is not a new excogitation and at various instances throughout history thither have been issues of substance abuse in the workplace. In the past years the abuse of substances in the work place has encountered a dismissive attitude and so many organizations have tried to adopt working with the problem rather than developing ways to counter the issue.Many organizations have whence come to a conclusion that substance abuse and especially alcohol abuse in the workplace is not a problem that lay closely easily be secluded from the workplace. Currently it has emerged that substance abuse is detri affable both to the workers and the organization although this concept has not been universally accepted. Most organizations have realized that for them to be internationally competitive they need to hatful with the issue of substance abuse a mong the employees in an effective manner.The side by side(p) ar some of the reasons behind substance abuse in the workplace Psychological disorders be a cause of substance abuse in cases where some employees use substance abuse so as to reject, adapt to or tegument a fundamental psychological disorder. Depression in the workplace may also b inadequacy market to substance abuse because it affects an individuals ability to work effectively in the daily activities desire caring for family members and personnel casualty to work. Schizophrenia is also some other cause of substance abuse in the workplace.Panic disorder in the workplace leads to periods of irrational business organisation and this may lead to substance abuse so as to get rid of the fear. Social phobia may also lead to substance abuse. Social phobia affects an individual when he or she has an intense fear of being humiliated socially, this happens when the person does not want to embarrass himself in front of othe r workmates. Emotional stress may also lead to substance abuse in the workplace. Emotional stress in the workplace may be as a result of a lot of work or difficulties in the family of the affected individual. there are a number of syndromes that may lead to substance abuse in the work place, these include Austrian syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and also the disjunction War syndrome. Harassment in the workplace may also lead to substance abuse as a result of trying to cope with the threats posed by the harassment (wrong diagnosis, 2009). Although the above concomitantors may result to substance abuse in the workplace some individuals may become addicted while others do not. This is because of the following factors The genes that people are born with are very(prenominal) unique and this means that the take aim of addiction of people varies due to the genes present.Gender, social status, ethnicity and other mental disorders also affect the direct of addiction to a certain substa nce. An individuals environment which includes the family, friends, workmates and the quality of life affect the individuals seek of substance abuse. Peer pressure and parental guidance affect the course of substance abuse and the level of addiction of an individual. The level of addiction vulnerability is affected by developmental demos of the individual.Although substance abuse at any developmental order may lead to addiction there is evidence to show that the originally the substance abuse begins the more similarly it is to progress to serious cases of addiction. Adolescents have a highschool peril of trying substances because their brains are still undergoing development in the sections that determine self-control, decision making and judgment (Robert and Neil, 2009). SYMPTOMS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AT THE WORKPLACE Different substances may have differing effects on the overall wellness of the individual but the pattern of the effects on the individuals mental and physical h ealth is similar.Acquiring and at the same time using the substance becomes more essential to an individual as compared to everything else like friends, workmates or the family. Substance abuse causes some emotional and physical damages to the individual and so the individual is faced with a problem of go bading in the right way and also the ability of the individual to impart appropriate judgments is also affected. Substance abuse affects the brain and the physical body in a direct way as it is the case in some substances that ontogeny the affinity pressure and the liveliness rate.Some substances that act as stimulants in the body for example cocaine increasing the activities of the body resulting to change magnitude production line pressure and therefore the individual lacks the ability to sleep. On the other hand there are some substances that slow down the level of activities in the body for example barbiturates, these substances reduce the blood pressure of the body and also reduce the level of breathing and some generation it may go to some dangerous levels. There are several physical signs of substance abuse and addiction in the workplace which include some instances of change magnitude energy.This is when an individual is seen to act in a way that shows he or she has some increased energy although the source of the energy may not be known. One major(ip) emblem associated with stimulants is malaise and the lack of sleep by the worker. Although some workers may be naturally restlessness it is always demand to carefully note any changes in the workers levels of restlessness as it may be as a result of substance abuse. Some strange behaviors expressed by the workers may be a sign of substance abuse, some of these behaviors include slow reaction time, unusual slow movements, slow speeches or confusedness at the workplace.Most of these behaviors are common with those individuals who abuse opium or barbiturates. Another symptom is a rapid injury o f weight or in some instances it may be a sudden gain in weight. Cycles of abnormal sleep is also a symptom of substance abuse. A rapid change in the manner of dressing may also be a symptom of substance abuse, for example wearying long sleeved shirts at all times so as to hide the scars caused by injections in the process of substance abuse. An increased severe dental condition is a symptom mostly with those workers who use methamphetamine.If a certain worker is suspected of being in possession of drug paraphernalia like syringes and pipes, this may be an indicator of substance abuse by the worker. A major symptom for those substances that are snorted is severe troubles with nosebleeds or shop nose bleeding. Substances that are normally smoked have a major symptom of continuous coughs which at high levels of substance abuse may increase to coughing of blood or excessive mucus. Substance abuse affects the mood of the individual because the substance is consumed to provide ephemer al feelings to the individual.The temporary feeling resulting from substance abuse may substitute with the substance used by the individual although the following are the major emotional and mental symptoms of substance abuse. A period of an individual being unmistakably talkative with a lot of energy or some times the individual becoming unmistakably cheerful is a major emotional symptom of substance abuse. An increase in the level of doorway for violence expressed by the individual is another emotional symptom of substance abuse. Workers who show signs of increased ire, fury and agitation may be involved in substance abuse.Another major emotional and mental symptom of substance abuse is unexpected calmness or workers becoming unresponsive. Lack of interest and first gear may also be an emotional symptom of substance abuse. Other minor emotional and mental symptoms include hallucinations, fear, temporary psychosis and increased anger (Joanna, Jeanne and Deborah, January 2009). Other physical signs that indicate a person is abusing a certain substance or he is under the influence of a certain substance vary from one substance to another, for example A worker who uses tobacco will have a frequent odor of tobacco, discolored teeth and finger tips.Individuals who use cannabis experience abnormal levels of hunger, excessive happiness and the whiten parts of their eyes are red in color. Those who use cold medications have slow means rates and are sleepy at most times. Inhalants are characterized by running noses confusion and irritability of the users. Users of narcotics experience pain at a lower level, slow rates of breathing and excessive happiness. Those who use anabolic steroids experience an increase in their levels of irritability, increased muscle development and discharge of hair.Dissociative anesthetics are associated with an increase in the heart rate resulting to increased blood pressure, loss of memory and also increased irritability. Hallucino gens are associated with sleeplessness and blurred perceptions. Club drugs are associated with very active individuals who do not sweat and they also seem to like everyone they meet or having excessive euphoria. The following behavioral symptoms are associated with the abuse of substances. sense of humour swings All the substances abused end up producing some changes in the moods of the individual, a person may trade from euphoria to depression.A person who is into abuse of substances may be passive at one time and in the next few minutes he is angry. Personality changes are also a symptom of abuse of substances in the workplace. This is evident in that individuals become depressed and avoid communication with their workmates. Defensiveness is also a symptom of substance abuse in the workplace because individuals blame others and they claim to be accused falsely. Those who are into substance abuse soon become self-centered and they do anything their own way without consulting thei r workmates.Withdrawal from family activities is also a symptom of workers engaging in substance abuse, this includes rejecting any family events or not eating together with the other family members. interchange of friends, for example termination of a long relationship or spending time with suspicious friends is a behavioral symptom of substance abuse. Sudden lack of self national and capability to follow rules and regulations in the workplace is a sign of substance abuse too.Work problems like absences, tardiness, avoiding senior staff members, missed deadlines and a drop in the quality of results obtained is a behavioral sign of substance abuse. EFFECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE ON PERFORMANCE AND WORKSAFETY According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), in the recent years there has been an increased realization in many countries concerning the effects of substance abuse on the surgery of the employees. The fact that substance abuse is detrimental to both the employees and the organization has been widely accepted in the past few years although the issue has not been recognized universally.Substance abuse does not only affect the cognitive process of the work as a whole but it also results to increased accidents, absenteeism, mortality and illness. These effects of substance abuse are related to the cost of doing business and therefore for businesses to succeed they should come up with ways of bring down substance abuse among the employees. Over the past few years studies have shown that absenteeism is three times higher for substance users compared to other employees (ILO, 2009).Absenteeism has a direct effect on the business in that the business may not achieve its target therefore it may be unable to satisfy its customers and hence a negative reputation from the existence in general. Absenteeism due to substance abuse leads to overwork of the other employees which may thus result to poor quality of work leading to poor quality goods and reduce d sales. in truth high rates of absenteeism in an organization as a result of substance abuse may lead to complete closure of the organization due to lack of employees.Study has also shown that employees who are substance abusers may claim three times more upchuckness benefits compared to the other employees (ILO, 2009). The sick benefits increase the cost of physical process of the business and so the business suffers financially because a huge portion of its returns is used to cater for the sick benefits. Workers who are substance dependent file more compensation claims as compared to those who are not, this increases the expenses the organization incurs in litigation processes and therefore it reduces the profitability of the organization.Study has also revealed that almost a quarter of all the accidents that occur in the workplaces are caused by intoxicated workers who either harm themselves or end up harming other workmates, this reduces the writ of execution of the organiza tion as resources are used in treating the injured. Accidents due to intoxication of some workers also lead to absence of workers which is fatal to the organization (ILO, 2009). As a result of increased research in the ambit of substance abuse and work exertion it is evident that the problems in the workplace as a result of substance abuse are not restricted to alcoholics and drug addicts only.Although alcoholics and heavy drinkers are groups most potential to cause accidents in the workplaces their numbers are instead low in most of the workplaces. Due to this cultivate and occasional drinkers are responsible for most accidents in the workplace resulting due to alcohol or intoxication. The level of consumption of some substances is directly related to the performance of the individual. According to a research carried out to check the effects of alcohol on the performance of pilots, it was noted that before any consumption of alcohol 10% of the pilots could not carry out their operations in the right manner. afterward consumption of alcohol up to an alcohol-blood ingress of 0. 11/100ml of blood, 90% of the pilots could not perform all the necessary operations in the right way. After all the alcohol had gotten out of their systems 65% of the pilots could not carry out all their operations in the right way (ILO, 2009). A similar research to the one carried on pilots was carried on workers who use other types of substances and the results were almost the same. This is a clear indication of the fact that substance abuse negatively affects the performance of workers therefore leading to poor results.Research has identified not only those areas that are at the risk of substance abuse but it has also identified the reasons behind the occurrence of substance abuse problems in some industries and not in all industries. Out of a number of major workplaces that were researched upon the following were identified as the areas that are most promising to be affected b y substance abuse construction industry, military, transport sector, provide sector, maritime sector and the entertainment services industry.Workers who are of a lower status and young are more likely to indulge into substance abuse and hence their performance in the workplace is quite low. The other groups of workers who reduce the performance of their industries due to substance abuse are lawyers, doctors, police completeicers and company directors. The performance of workers who engage themselves in substance abuse is highly affected due to the fact that this group of workers tends to slide by sick more frequently as compared to the other workers and therefore their level of performance is below the optimum.Substance abuse also affects organizations in that it lowers the productivity of the organization because of absenteeism, accidents and health issues related to the workers. Family problems also occur due to substance abusing and these problems may end up being extended to the workplace, for example a husband who is into substance abuse may cause problems in his home that may affect the productivity of the wife in her workplace.Job loss is another effect of substance abuse and these leads to lack of enough workers in the workplace and therefore the productivity of the organization is greatly affected. Substance abuse affects the employers in that it leads to safety problems that affect the whole organization, the employees and the general public and it also increases the costs incurred by the organization, decreases the productivity of the organization and reduces the competitive advantage of the organization.Security of most enterprises whose workers are into substance abuse is also affected because some substances may cause individuals to be angry and violent. Violence in any enterprise affects the performance of the enterprise because the workers are not freely working as they fear being affected by actions of those workers who are into substance a buse. Substance abuse also leads to continued disagreements in the workplace and therefore the workers spend a lot of time arguing, this time would have however been played out in productive activities of the enterprise.Health issues that are as a result of substance abuse affect the performance of the workers a good example of this is the case of alcohol. Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to health problems as a result of liver failure, workers who are affected by this condition may find it difficult to work at their normal rates and this causes them to reduce their performance level in the workplace. Employers will mostly make the decision of not adopting substance testing policies because they assume that they will confidently detect the abuse of substances among their employees.Regrettably the effects of substance use are rarely noticeable in the first dots until the employers have greatly incurred losings as a result of substance abuse. Those beginning substance abuse are not likely to portray the typical characteristics of a substance user although the substance in his body affects the ability of the employee to function efficiently. At the entry level of the substance the employee has shifted from the recreational use of the substances and now the substances are required by the employees to help them cope with their daily stress.The major effects of the abuse on the employee performance at this stage are seen by increased tardiness and absenteeism, an increase in the rate of errors as a result of lack of attention and proper judgment and the increase in the number of unachieved deadlines at the workplace. At the second stage the employee develops a habit of using the substance in secret place so as to hide the increase in the intake from other workers.At this stage the employee develops the following problems lower quality of work noted by all people even the workmates, lower levels of concentration in the workplace, high rates of hospital care l eading to increased absenteeism and the employee is no longer dependable. At this point the co-workers can feel the effect of the substance abuse as the abuser becomes more irritable and begins to borrow money from workmates. At the third stage the employer begins to notice although the employer may not clearly see the relation between the poor work performance and the substance abuse.This stage is also characterized by the abuser disappearance from work and the refusal to discuss the issue of substance abuse with other people. At this stage the abuser no longer hides the use of the substance and he or she suffers from financial or legal issues. The last stage is when the abuser sees the work as an obstructer to his substance use and therefore he or she might accept drug test so as to be laid off or the abuser may just disappear from work (Elliot and Shelley, 2009).AMELIORATIVE ACTIONS According to the U. S Department of labor, the issue of workplace substance abuse is best dealt wi th by establishing blanket(prenominal) weapons platforms so as to achieve a win-win situation to both the workers and the employers. Developing a workplace program to deal with substance abuse at the workplace can reduce the cost incurred by businesses and at the same time improve the health status of the workers (U. S Department of Labor).There is no accurate baffle that can be perfect for a specific company but the needs and the circumstances of the individual organization are what determine the kind of program to adopt in solving substance abuse in the workplace. Training education is another action that can be taken to counter substance abuse in organizations. The supervisors are trained to understand the policy governing the issues of substance abuse in the organization so that they are able to correctly identify those employees who are in the vice and then refer them to the appropriate people for help say counselors.The employees also need to be educated about the substance abuse program adopted by the organization so that they learn of any assistance that is available to them from the organization. Depending on the size of the organization it may either adopt an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) within the organization or outsource the program to other organizations specialized in the area. Drug testing is another action that can be used to reduce cases of substance abuse in organizations.In this method the employees are tested for certain chemicals in their bodies and if the levels are too high then the employees are laid off from the organization depending with the formulated policies of the organization. The method is not feasible to many organizations because the drug test package is very expensive and drug testing is not allowed in all countries. Developing a strong discipline within the organization is a good option for those organizations that cannot afford the drug test (Patrick, 2009).In conclusion substance abuse has fatal effects on organi zations both to the management and the employees. Substance abuse should therefore be eliminated in the workplace as it can lead to severe damages to the organization and at times it may also lead to the complete failure of an organization if the number of abusers is at a high level. Substance abuse not only affects the organization and the employee but it also affects the public as a whole.

Reebok: Advertising and Terry Tate

R Reebok case questions 1. How could viral food marketing be used to complement or replace conventional media in this case? In this case, Reebok created buzz to suck the potential customers since its markets changed and its bulls eye consumers moved their attention away from the traditional media. Therefore, Reebok moved its advertising resource away from magazines and newspapers to online and mobile platform. Moreover, Reebok also advertised at sporting events, such as in NBA basketball games.The ultimate goal of Reebok creating successful viral marketing programs is to create viral messages that appeal to the potential customers and that the programs may have a high probability of being presented and spread by these individuals in their communications with others in a short period of time. 2. Evaluate the terry Tate commercials. Did they increase erudition of the Reebok brand and significantly help build brand equity? Explain. terry cloth Tate was first aired in 2003 at the Superbowl. terry cloth Tate is an American Football player who has been hired by an office firm to share punishment to those breaking any of the companies rules.The way he administers the punishment is by tackling the perpetrators around the office environment. The tosh in Terry Tate commercial is about the office drama, and the humor in the ad was fairly conveyed to the target audience Gen Xers between the ages of 25 and 40. The shots of the Terry Tate commercial performs more usual office tasks like fashioning presentations and celebrating a fellow employees birthday to show that Terry is fitting in the office environment. Therefore, Terry Tate commercial may successfully create the resonance among its target audiences in the similar office scenes and moments.Reebok lay out that even though there were great amount viewers of its Terry Tate Super Bowl, its sales and market share did not increase at all. The main reason of this less successful result isin that Reebok brand was not sufficiently mentioned in the ads. Most of the audiences memorized the Terry Tate character and this office comedy, but hardly a(prenominal) of them recognized that this commercial was created by Reebok. Obviously, Reebok would not successfullybuild the strong connection between the Terry Tate commercial video with its brand awareness in consumers minds.To sum up, this program did not assist Reebok in earning brand recognition and brand equity since the idea from Reebok did not generate more money from its products, as consumers believe that a product with a well-known name is better than products with less well-known names. 3. Was the rally message effective? Was it memorable? Did it generate sufficient levels of positive attitudes towards the brand? Explain. 4. Is this type of communication fitting of capturing the attention and influencing Gen X consumers? Explain why or why not.This type of communication is able to have the attention and influence Gen X consumers. In thi s case, this commercial was an instant hit, flying across the Internet for months as the hottest office comedy joke to hit the air since Office Space. The humor in the ad that resonated so clearly with its target audience, mostly Gen Xers between the age of 25 and 40, was not necessarily attributed to the devastating blows which Tate delivered with the great of ease, but rather the office vignettes which transpired before Tate moved in for the kill.Clearly, Gen X consumers were fascinated by Terry Tate and they wanted to know more about him. 5. Recommend a possible viral marketing bm for Reebok in todays environment. Great idea I love this one, too. This idea will attract the target audiences and make them involved in Me and my Reebok activity. Traveling and photographing are both the hot issues among GEN Xers. Combining these 2 factors for the marketing campaign is suitable and it will be appealing to them.